Massachusetts offers one of the more layered state R&D credit programs in the country. The standard research credit is available to a wide range of businesses, and life sciences companies have access to a separate program that can convert otherwise non-refundable credits into cash. For Massachusetts businesses already pursuing the federal R&D credit, the state program stacks directly on top of the same qualifying expenses.
Massachusetts R&D Tax Incentives at a Glance
Massachusetts Research Credit (Standard):
- 10% of the increase in qualified Massachusetts research expenses over a prior-year baseline
- 15% credit available for basic research payments made to qualifying institutions such as universities and hospitals
- Permanent credit with no scheduled expiration
- Generally non-refundable; offsets corporate excise tax liability, with unused credit carried forward for up to 15 years
- Credits disallowed due to the annual cap carry forward indefinitely
- Available to corporations, S corporations, partnerships, LLCs, and sole proprietors conducting qualifying research at Massachusetts facilities
- No pre-approval required; claimed on Schedule RC with the corporate excise return
Massachusetts R&D Sales and Use Tax Exemption:
- Machinery, materials, tools, and replacement parts used in qualifying R&D activities are exempt from Massachusetts sales and use tax
- Companies certified through the MLSC program receive automatic R&D company designation for sales tax purposes
Massachusetts Life Sciences Tax Incentive Program (MLSC):
- A separate, competitive annual program administered by the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center
- Allows certified life sciences companies to convert standard non-refundable R&D credits into a cash refund at 90% of the awarded amount
- Requires a commitment to net new job creation in Massachusetts; minimum job thresholds vary by company size and location
- Annual application window; credits awarded on a competitive basis from a statewide pool capped at $40 million per year
- Companies that fail to meet job creation commitments are subject to recapture of benefits previously received
Federal Benefits:
- Available for all qualifying U.S. research
- Payroll tax offset option for eligible startups
- Stackable with Massachusetts state credits on the same qualifying expenses
Key Distinctions:
Massachusetts has two distinct R&D credit pathways. Most businesses use the standard research credit, which reduces corporate excise liability but is subject to annual caps. Life sciences companies that meet the MLSC program's job creation requirements can access refundability, turning credits that would otherwise sit as carryforwards into actual cash. The two pathways require separate planning and, for MLSC participation, a separate annual application.
Who Qualifies for Massachusetts R&D Tax Credits?
What Research Activities Qualify in Massachusetts?
Massachusetts uses the federal standards to define qualifying research, but the applicable reference date depends on which calculation method your business uses. Under the traditional credit method, Massachusetts applies the federal definition as of August 12, 1991. Under the Alternative Simplified Method, the federal definition as of January 1, 2014 applies. A tax advisor can help confirm which version governs your qualifying expenses based on your calculation method.
As long as the research was conducted at a Massachusetts facility, work that qualifies under the applicable federal standard will generally qualify for the Massachusetts credit. For businesses operating in multiple states, only expenses tied to Massachusetts-based work count toward the state credit.
If you are not yet familiar with how the four-part test applies to your industry, our R&D tax credit overview covers what qualifies and how the analysis typically works.
What Expenses Qualify for North Carolina's R&D Tax Credit?
Massachusetts uses the federal definition of qualified research expenses, limited to costs tied to research conducted at Massachusetts facilities.
R&D Credits for Massachusetts Industries
How Qualifying Research Looks Across Massachusetts's Key Sectors
Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals
Massachusetts is one of the world's leading life sciences hubs, anchored by the Boston-Cambridge corridor. Qualifying R&D includes drug development, biologics manufacturing process improvements, gene and cell therapy research, diagnostic platform development, and clinical research instrumentation
Medical Devices and Health Technology
Device engineering, diagnostic tool development, software-driven medical platforms, and precision medicine technology developed through systematic experimentation and technical testing
Software and Technology
Enterprise software development, cybersecurity platforms, artificial intelligence and machine learning systems, data infrastructure, and financial technology tools developed through iterative technical work
Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing
Automation systems, industrial robotics, manufacturing process innovations, and precision engineering developed through engineering and systematic refinement
Clean Energy and Climate Technology
Energy storage systems, grid management technology, clean manufacturing processes, and emissions-reduction innovations developed through engineering and experimentation
Defense and Aerospace
Systems engineering, advanced materials, avionics, propulsion technology, and electronic warfare systems developed through technical research and systematic testing
Agriculture and Food Technology
Crop improvement technologies, agricultural biotechnology, food safety process development, and precision agriculture tools developed through systematic experimentation
Federal R&D Tax Credit for Massachusetts Businesses
Massachusetts aligns closely with the federal definition of qualifying research, which means the documentation and analysis built for the federal claim largely supports the state claim as well. The two credits can be claimed on the same qualifying Massachusetts expenses, allowing businesses to benefit at both levels simultaneously.
One planning consideration unique to Massachusetts: the state credit offsets corporate excise tax, which is calculated differently from federal income tax and includes both income and non-income measures. For life sciences companies in particular, coordinating the standard state credit with both the MLSC refundable program and the federal credit requires careful sequencing. A tax advisor familiar with all three programs can help structure the approach to maximize combined cash benefit across state and federal filings.
How to Claim Massachusetts R&D Tax Credits
What Records Should You Keep?
Estimate Your R&D Tax Credit in Minutes
Find out how much your innovative work could earn back in tax credits. Use our quick calculator to estimate your potential savings — no forms, no hassle.
Saving Money, Spurring Innovation
Every day, companies nationwide further the mission of innovation with new products, processes and initiatives that change the landscape of how we do business. But innovation takes funding, and with that comes a vicious cycle: You need money to grow your business and develop your products and services… but you also need to do those same things to bring money in.
That’s why R&D tax credits were established. Designed to encourage companies like yours to invest in the innovation, creation and improvement of products or processes, R&D tax credits can offset some of the costs associated with research and development — fueling growth and technological advancement.
Pitfalls Massachusetts Businesses Should Avoid
Can You Claim Credits for Previous Years in Massachusetts?
Massachusetts generally allows amended returns for prior tax years within the applicable statute of limitations, meaning businesses that conducted qualifying research in past years without claiming the credit may still have an opportunity to recover it. A tax advisor can help determine which years are open and whether a lookback review makes sense.
The federal R&D credit is also available on amended returns for open tax years. For Massachusetts businesses that have been innovating for years without claiming either credit, a combined state and federal review can identify significant value. Life sciences companies should also consider whether prior years of Massachusetts activity might support a current MLSC application, as the program evaluates both prior research investment and forward-looking job creation plans.
Watch our latest videos to learn more!
Confused about whether you qualify or how the credits work? Our videos break it all down for you.
Ready to Maximize Your Massachusetts R&D Tax Credits?
Massachusetts offers more credit opportunities for innovative businesses than most states, but the interaction between the standard research credit, the MLSC life sciences program, and the federal credit requires careful coordination to capture the full benefit. Whether you are claiming the standard credit for the first time, evaluating whether your life sciences company qualifies for the refundable program, or looking to review prior years for unclaimed credits, our team can help you build a complete, well-supported strategy.
Frequently Asked Questions
There are effectively two separate programs. The standard Massachusetts research credit is available to any qualifying business and offsets corporate excise tax at 10% of incremental qualifying expenses (15% for basic research payments). The MLSC Life Sciences Tax Incentive Program is a separate, competitive annual program available only to certified life sciences companies, which allows non-refundable credits to be converted into cash refunds in exchange for a job creation commitment.
Access the Latest R&D Tax Credit Information for Massachusetts Businesses
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Lucia Valenzuela
Chief Innovation Officer (CInO)
Lucia is the driving force behind the adoption of new technologies and services at our firm. She stays up to date on advancements and works with firm leadership to develop and implement strategic plans that align with our goal of enhancing the client and employee experience.
Lucia brings to James Moore a decade of experience and forward-thinking leadership in technology, public accounting and tax law matters. A trusted advisor in the field of R&D tax credits, she has successfully guided thousands of companies through the complexities of filing for that credit. Her other notable achievements include the market launch of revolutionary tax software and building a large specialty tax practice at a top 50 accounting firm.
Lucia’s knowledge of technology, strategic partnerships, teambuilding, public accounting and tax law provides our firm with a new and unique perspective on client service and operations. Outside of James Moore, Lucia is active in local bar associations and their respective boards. She also volunteers with Project Youth, Step-Up and other organizations focused on mentoring and empowering underprivileged youth in their journeys toward college.
This information serves general educational purposes and does not constitute tax, legal, or accounting advice. Massachusetts's R&D tax credit programs, including credit rates, annual caps, carryforward rules, MLSC program parameters, and job creation requirements, are subject to change by the Massachusetts Legislature, Department of Revenue, and Massachusetts Life Sciences Center. MLSC program availability and award amounts reflect current program parameters; the annual application window, statewide pool size, and eligibility requirements may be updated. Federal R&D credit information reflects law as of February 2026. Consult qualified tax professionals before making decisions based on this information.
Last Updated: April 2026
Next Review: Quarterly or upon state or federal legislative or administrative changes





