State outline of Massachusetts

Massachusetts offers one of the more layered state R&D credit programs in the country. The standard research credit is available to a wide range of businesses, and life sciences companies have access to a separate program that can convert otherwise non-refundable credits into cash. For Massachusetts businesses already pursuing the federal R&D credit, the state program stacks directly on top of the same qualifying expenses.

Massachusetts R&D Tax Incentives at a Glance

Massachusetts Research Credit (Standard):

  • 10% of the increase in qualified Massachusetts research expenses over a prior-year baseline
  • 15% credit available for basic research payments made to qualifying institutions such as universities and hospitals
  • Permanent credit with no scheduled expiration
  • Generally non-refundable; offsets corporate excise tax liability, with unused credit carried forward for up to 15 years
  • Credits disallowed due to the annual cap carry forward indefinitely
  • Available to corporations, S corporations, partnerships, LLCs, and sole proprietors conducting qualifying research at Massachusetts facilities
  • No pre-approval required; claimed on Schedule RC with the corporate excise return

Massachusetts R&D Sales and Use Tax Exemption:

  • Machinery, materials, tools, and replacement parts used in qualifying R&D activities are exempt from Massachusetts sales and use tax
  • Companies certified through the MLSC program receive automatic R&D company designation for sales tax purposes

Massachusetts Life Sciences Tax Incentive Program (MLSC):

  • A separate, competitive annual program administered by the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center
  • Allows certified life sciences companies to convert standard non-refundable R&D credits into a cash refund at 90% of the awarded amount
  • Requires a commitment to net new job creation in Massachusetts; minimum job thresholds vary by company size and location
  • Annual application window; credits awarded on a competitive basis from a statewide pool capped at $40 million per year
  • Companies that fail to meet job creation commitments are subject to recapture of benefits previously received

 

Federal Benefits:

  • Available for all qualifying U.S. research
  • Payroll tax offset option for eligible startups
  • Stackable with Massachusetts state credits on the same qualifying expenses

Key Distinctions:

Massachusetts has two distinct R&D credit pathways. Most businesses use the standard research credit, which reduces corporate excise liability but is subject to annual caps. Life sciences companies that meet the MLSC program's job creation requirements can access refundability, turning credits that would otherwise sit as carryforwards into actual cash. The two pathways require separate planning and, for MLSC participation, a separate annual application.

Who Qualifies for Massachusetts R&D Tax Credits?

Business Type

The standard research credit is available to business corporations subject to Massachusetts Chapter 63 that file a corporate excise tax return and conduct qualifying research at Massachusetts facilities. The credit is not a pass-through credit and does not flow to individual owners. The MLSC life sciences program is limited to companies engaged in life sciences R&D, commercialization, or manufacturing that are registered to do business in Massachusetts, employ at least 10 permanent full-time Massachusetts employees, and commit to net new job creation. The MLSC life sciences program is limited to companies engaged in life sciences R&D, commercialization, or manufacturing that are registered to do business in Massachusetts, employ at least 10 permanent full-time Massachusetts employees, and commit to net new job creation.

Research Activity

Qualifying research must be conducted at Massachusetts facilities. The state follows the federal definition of qualifying research, so work that meets the federal four-part test will generally qualify for the Massachusetts credit as well. Research conducted outside Massachusetts does not count toward the state credit, and expenses must be allocated between Massachusetts and other states for companies operating in multiple locations.

Spending Increase

The standard credit is incremental. Your current-year qualifying Massachusetts research expenses need to exceed a baseline built from prior years. Businesses with little or no prior Massachusetts research spending may benefit from a lower baseline in early years.

MLSC Life Sciences Eligibility

Life sciences companies seeking the refundable program must apply annually to the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center and commit to creating and retaining a specific number of net new full-time Massachusetts jobs. The minimum job commitment varies based on company size and location, with lower thresholds for smaller companies and those in Gateway Cities or certain rural counties.

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What Research Activities Qualify in Massachusetts?

Massachusetts uses the federal standards to define qualifying research, but the applicable reference date depends on which calculation method your business uses. Under the traditional credit method, Massachusetts applies the federal definition as of August 12, 1991. Under the Alternative Simplified Method, the federal definition as of January 1, 2014 applies. A tax advisor can help confirm which version governs your qualifying expenses based on your calculation method.

As long as the research was conducted at a Massachusetts facility, work that qualifies under the applicable federal standard will generally qualify for the Massachusetts credit. For businesses operating in multiple states, only expenses tied to Massachusetts-based work count toward the state credit.

If you are not yet familiar with how the four-part test applies to your industry, our R&D tax credit overview covers what qualifies and how the analysis typically works.

What Expenses Qualify for North Carolina's R&D Tax Credit?

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Wages and Salaries

Employees directly conducting, supervising, or supporting qualifying research at Massachusetts facilities

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Supplies

Materials consumed during the research process in Massachusetts

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Basic Research Payments

Contributions to qualifying research institutions such as universities and hospitals, eligible for the 15% credit rate

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Contract Research

A portion of amounts paid to third parties performing qualifying research in Massachusetts

Massachusetts uses the federal definition of qualified research expenses, limited to costs tied to research conducted at Massachusetts facilities.

R&D Credits for Massachusetts Industries

How Qualifying Research Looks Across Massachusetts's Key Sectors

Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals

Massachusetts is one of the world's leading life sciences hubs, anchored by the Boston-Cambridge corridor. Qualifying R&D includes drug development, biologics manufacturing process improvements, gene and cell therapy research, diagnostic platform development, and clinical research instrumentation

Medical Devices and Health Technology

Device engineering, diagnostic tool development, software-driven medical platforms, and precision medicine technology developed through systematic experimentation and technical testing

Software and Technology

Enterprise software development, cybersecurity platforms, artificial intelligence and machine learning systems, data infrastructure, and financial technology tools developed through iterative technical work

Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing

Automation systems, industrial robotics, manufacturing process innovations, and precision engineering developed through engineering and systematic refinement

Clean Energy and Climate Technology

Energy storage systems, grid management technology, clean manufacturing processes, and emissions-reduction innovations developed through engineering and experimentation

Defense and Aerospace

Systems engineering, advanced materials, avionics, propulsion technology, and electronic warfare systems developed through technical research and systematic testing

Agriculture and Food Technology

Crop improvement technologies, agricultural biotechnology, food safety process development, and precision agriculture tools developed through systematic experimentation

Florida Claim Previous Credits

Federal R&D Tax Credit for Massachusetts Businesses

Massachusetts aligns closely with the federal definition of qualifying research, which means the documentation and analysis built for the federal claim largely supports the state claim as well. The two credits can be claimed on the same qualifying Massachusetts expenses, allowing businesses to benefit at both levels simultaneously.

One planning consideration unique to Massachusetts: the state credit offsets corporate excise tax, which is calculated differently from federal income tax and includes both income and non-income measures. For life sciences companies in particular, coordinating the standard state credit with both the MLSC refundable program and the federal credit requires careful sequencing. A tax advisor familiar with all three programs can help structure the approach to maximize combined cash benefit across state and federal filings.

How to Claim Massachusetts R&D Tax Credits

Step 1:

Track Qualifying Research Activity Throughout the Year

Massachusetts does not require pre-approval for the standard research credit, but documentation built during the year supports the claim if reviewed. Identify which projects, employees, and expenses are tied to qualifying Massachusetts-based research, and keep records of how time and costs are allocated.

Step 2:

For Life Sciences Companies, Apply to the MLSC Annually

Life sciences companies seeking the refundable program must apply to the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center during the annual application window, typically opening in early winter for the prior calendar year's activity. Applications require a commitment to net new job creation. Credits are awarded competitively from the statewide pool and are not guaranteed.

Step 3:

File Schedule RC with Your Corporate Excise Return

Calculate the credit on Schedule RC and attach it to your Massachusetts corporate excise return (Form 355 or 356). Life sciences companies claiming refundable credits also file Schedule RLSC. No separate state agency pre-certification is required for the standard credit. Unused credits carry forward for up to 15 years; amounts disallowed by the annual cap carry forward indefinitely.

What Records Should You Keep?

Project-Level Descriptions

Maintain descriptions of each qualifying research project, the technical questions being addressed, and the methods used to work through them. Documentation should clearly connect specific activities to Massachusetts facilities.

Payroll and Time Records

Keep payroll records and time-tracking data for employees involved in qualifying research. For businesses with employees working across multiple states, records showing where research activity physically occurred are essential, since only Massachusetts-based work qualifies for the state credit.

Expense Records

Retain receipts and invoices for supplies used during research, along with contracts and payment records for any third-party research conducted in Massachusetts. Records should generally be kept for at least three years after filing, though many practitioners recommend retaining them for five to seven years given the state's audit practices.

MLSC Compliance Records

Companies participating in the MLSC program must maintain records supporting their job creation and retention commitments. Failure to meet headcount targets can trigger recapture of previously refunded credits, making ongoing documentation of Massachusetts employment essential throughout the commitment period.

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Estimate Your R&D Tax Credit in Minutes

Find out how much your innovative work could earn back in tax credits. Use our quick calculator to estimate your potential savings — no forms, no hassle.

Saving Money, Spurring Innovation

Every day, companies nationwide further the mission of innovation with new products, processes and initiatives that change the landscape of how we do business. But innovation takes funding, and with that comes a vicious cycle: You need money to grow your business and develop your products and services… but you also need to do those same things to bring money in.

That’s why R&D tax credits were established. Designed to encourage companies like yours to invest in the innovation, creation and improvement of products or processes, R&D tax credits can offset some of the costs associated with research and development — fueling growth and technological advancement.

Pitfalls Massachusetts Businesses Should Avoid

Assuming the standard credit is fully usable in the year it is earned

Massachusetts's research credit is subject to an annual cap: it can offset 100% of the first $25,000 in corporate excise, plus 75% of excise above that amount. Businesses with large credit amounts relative to their excise liability may find that only a portion is usable each year. The good news is that disallowed amounts carry forward indefinitely, but this requires active tracking.

Overlooking the 15% credit for basic research payments

The standard discussion of Massachusetts's credit focuses on the 10% rate, but payments to qualifying research institutions such as universities and hospitals qualify at a 15% rate. Companies with university research partnerships or hospital-based collaborations should evaluate whether these payments generate additional credit.

Missing the MLSC annual application window

Life sciences companies seeking the refundable credit must apply to the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center each year during the application window. There is no mechanism to apply retroactively. Missing the window means missing the opportunity for that year's refundable allocation.

Failing to track MLSC job commitments through the retention period

MLSC-certified companies must maintain their new job commitments through the full retention period. Companies that receive refundable credits but subsequently fall below their employment commitments face recapture, meaning previously received cash refunds can become tax obligations. Monitoring headcount throughout the commitment period is essential.

Can You Claim Credits for Previous Years in Massachusetts?

Massachusetts generally allows amended returns for prior tax years within the applicable statute of limitations, meaning businesses that conducted qualifying research in past years without claiming the credit may still have an opportunity to recover it. A tax advisor can help determine which years are open and whether a lookback review makes sense.

The federal R&D credit is also available on amended returns for open tax years. For Massachusetts businesses that have been innovating for years without claiming either credit, a combined state and federal review can identify significant value. Life sciences companies should also consider whether prior years of Massachusetts activity might support a current MLSC application, as the program evaluates both prior research investment and forward-looking job creation plans.

WA state R&D lookback window

Watch our latest videos to learn more!

Confused about whether you qualify or how the credits work? Our videos break it all down for you.

Ready to Maximize Your Massachusetts R&D Tax Credits?

Massachusetts offers more credit opportunities for innovative businesses than most states, but the interaction between the standard research credit, the MLSC life sciences program, and the federal credit requires careful coordination to capture the full benefit. Whether you are claiming the standard credit for the first time, evaluating whether your life sciences company qualifies for the refundable program, or looking to review prior years for unclaimed credits, our team can help you build a complete, well-supported strategy.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Massachusetts have one R&D credit or two?

There are effectively two separate programs. The standard Massachusetts research credit is available to any qualifying business and offsets corporate excise tax at 10% of incremental qualifying expenses (15% for basic research payments). The MLSC Life Sciences Tax Incentive Program is a separate, competitive annual program available only to certified life sciences companies, which allows non-refundable credits to be converted into cash refunds in exchange for a job creation commitment.

How is the standard credit calculated?
Is the standard credit refundable?
Can I claim both the Massachusetts credit and the federal R&D credit?
What does the MLSC life sciences program require?
What happens if my company doesn't meet its MLSC job commitment?

Access the Latest R&D Tax Credit Information for Massachusetts Businesses

Massachusetts Department of Revenue

Research Tax Credit Overview

Massachusetts Schedule RC

Research Credit Form and Instructions

Massachusetts Life Sciences Center

Tax Incentive Program

IRS Form 6765

Federal R&D credit form and instructions

IRC Section 41

Federal law defining qualified research activities

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Lucia Valenzuela

Chief Innovation Officer (CInO)

Lucia is the driving force behind the adoption of new technologies and services at our firm. She stays up to date on advancements and works with firm leadership to develop and implement strategic plans that align with our goal of enhancing the client and employee experience.

Lucia brings to James Moore a decade of experience and forward-thinking leadership in technology, public accounting and tax law matters. A trusted advisor in the field of R&D tax credits, she has successfully guided thousands of companies through the complexities of filing for that credit. Her other notable achievements include the market launch of revolutionary tax software and building a large specialty tax practice at a top 50 accounting firm.

Lucia’s knowledge of technology, strategic partnerships, teambuilding, public accounting and tax law provides our firm with a new and unique perspective on client service and operations. Outside of James Moore, Lucia is active in local bar associations and their respective boards. She also volunteers with Project Youth, Step-Up and other organizations focused on mentoring and empowering underprivileged youth in their journeys toward college.

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This information serves general educational purposes and does not constitute tax, legal, or accounting advice. Massachusetts's R&D tax credit programs, including credit rates, annual caps, carryforward rules, MLSC program parameters, and job creation requirements, are subject to change by the Massachusetts Legislature, Department of Revenue, and Massachusetts Life Sciences Center. MLSC program availability and award amounts reflect current program parameters; the annual application window, statewide pool size, and eligibility requirements may be updated. Federal R&D credit information reflects law as of February 2026. Consult qualified tax professionals before making decisions based on this information.

Last Updated: April 2026
Next Review: Quarterly or upon state or federal legislative or administrative changes